AN ARTICLE ABOUT POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT SITUATIONS IN INDIA
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POVERTY ECONOMICS
Poverty is a term delivatying the meaning of inadequte means to meet out the basic needs of an individual or a society or a nation as a whole.It is a comparitive word or term which measures one's poverty with other's income etc.Some economists explained this term those who are unable to consume 2400 calories of food is poor.But it is not apt at present cause food is not only a basic need at now dress shelter are coming in to this category.Hence poverty is a possition or state of an individual or society or nation insufficient means to meet out the basic and essential needs .
Poverty Types and classification
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Poverty may be classified in to several types they are explained and detailed below.
Poverty by sector
poverty by nature
Poverty by psychological aspects
Poverty by sector is a poverty and it's area of domination example if poverty affects an individual that type of poverty is called infividual poverty.If it affects a society then it is called social poverty.Incase if it affects the nation as a who;le that type of poverty is called national poverty.
[2] Poverty by nature it is a poverty we can determine it's area and length by it's nature.For example it the poverty is temprorary in nature or it's period is short it may be called as Temprorary poverty.If it is chronoc in nature and if it is incurable it may be called as Chronic poverty or Permanent poverty.
Poverty by psychological aspects it is a poverty happens to individuals and a society when it is comparing their means with other grown up persons or societies or nations. It is very common in nature .This attitude helps sometimes to the economic growth of a nation .but it's quantity and possibility cannot be assured and measured
causes of poverty
Poverty is a stateof inability or inadequacy to meet out the essential needs of an individual society or a nation as a whole.Causes are many few of them will be discussed here below
[1] inequalities in income distribution [2] excessive population growth
[3] Premitive technologies in production [4] excessive dependence on agriculture industry [5] un employment problem
[1] In equalities in income distribution it means the national income distribution is not equally distributed to all sectors .Majority of portion income is taken by few hands the remaining little bit has to be share to billions of people.So poverty prevails in a nation
[2] Excessive population growth is an another draw back and an invitation to poverty yes becasue the excessive population swallows the growht of development and again finds scarcity and poverty to their needs
[3] Premitive technologies in production is another advantage to the poverty ofcourse the production cannot be increased only by capital and with manpower new modernised techniques are required to increase the production .If there is a lack in modern technology the results will also be low
[4]Excessive dependence on agriculture It is also a root cause to poverty only agricuture can do nothing the growth in secondary sector is essential to improve a society or a nation .Eqal dependence and balanced priority is needed to fight against the poverty.
[5] Unemployment problem It is not only an individual probelm it is problem of a society and nation too.If unemployment problem increses the growth of a nation will defintely affected and also social peace,law and order problems will raise so the state has to spend more on social peace and order .Hence every state has to increase employment oppertunities considerably.
Remedies [1] adjusting inequalities in income
[2] Population control andusage of modern technology production
[3] balanced concentration on both primary and secondary sector
[4]incresing employmnet oppertunities
[1] Reducing the inequalities in income is a primary function of every state and central government.Finance ministry has to prepare budgets asper the guidelines to reduce inequalities in income
[2] Population control should be strictly imposed to all people .by taking iron rod to enforce population control measures .For the welfare of a nation there is nothing wrong in it .soft and smooth instruction were failed to fetch the expected results .so severe action has to be taken to control population. Modern and sophisticated production techniques has to be implemented there should be no second thougt in importing new and advantagious techniques to increase our production
Incresing employment oppertunities
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[1] starting of new industries to create more employments
[2] modifying the existing industry rues to increse employment oppertunities
[1] starting new industries are capital consuming .it requires time to construct and money to invesr,power to work market to sale etc In all fields employment oppertunities will increase. But it is expensive
[2] Modification in the existing industry rules You may ask is it possible ? and you can ask how can ? nothing is new it is possible we can increase emploment oppertunities in the available existing industries by simple ,modifications in the existing rules
incresing shifts by reucing working hours It is possible insted of 8 hours shift introduce 6 hours shift four shifts per day is possible so with in a single unit one third of employees can be appointed .In all over nation one third of unemplyed can get emplyment in industries [2] Retiring age should not be more than 45.cause after this age all trpes of inabilities and monotonus will affect workers so retiring age has to be reduced as 45 ,if we do this again millions of job vaccancies will be available to the unemplyed youth
capitalists may argue that the cost of prodcution will increase.absolutely no is my stand it has been explained by a simple table calculations
i f an industry functions with 100 labourers in 3 shifts and maufatures 2400
units .Their wages per day is RS 14000/-
now the unit cost is 14000/2400 RS 5.8
if the same industry function 4 shifts with 130 employees if they produces 3200 units their wages per day will be 130 x 140 = 18200
now the unit cost will be 18200/3200 RS 5.65 ONLY
is is because the reduction in working hours will automatically increase lanour productivity so this loss of additional employment will be benifitted by the increased productivity Just passing and enforcing amend ments in existing labour laws are enough to invrease the employment oppertunities .Very soon the poverty can be eleminated from a nation if we increase employment oppertunities wisely.
